English Language Arts and Literacy Standards 

Vermont has adopted the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English Language Arts for grades K-12 and the Vermont Early Learning Standards (VELS) for prekindergarten through grade 3 (which align with the CCSS for ELA in grades K-3). 

English Language Arts and Literacy Webpage  

The AOE’s English Language Arts and Literacy webpage contains resources for educators, including ELA connections to the Vermont Portrait of a Graduate, Spotlights on Equity resources, and newsletters, as well as resources to support Proficiency-Based Learning. 

Supporting Multilingual Learners 

The following resources from WIDA can help educators deliver equitable literacy instruction and create inclusive learning environments for multilingual learners (MLs): 

• WIDA’s Reading with Multilingual Learners webpage offers research-informed insights and practical tools to help educators leverage the strengths MLs bring to the classroom, improving their reading comprehension and engagement.  

• Snapshots on Reading provide insights from relevant research and suggest ways to engage the significant strengths that multilingual learners bring to their literacy development. 

• Reading Comprehension Across Content Areas with Multilingual Learners is a one-hour, self-paced workshop that explores how leveraging students' home and community literacy practices can unlock their potential and connect them to content knowledge.  

• Guideposts for Reading Instruction with Multilingual Learners is a recorded webinar that explores five critical, research-based aspects or “guideposts” of reading instruction for multilingual learners, including an overview of the current research and strategies and tips for how it translates to classroom instruction. 

• Expanding Reading Instruction with Multilingual Learners Focus Bulletin provides testimonials and videos from inside the classrooms of four educators across the country who partnered with WIDA to explore inclusive reading practices for multilingual learners. 

Educator Prep Programs  

Partnership with Educator Preparation Programs is critical to preparing Vermont's future educator workforce.  

In 2022 Vermont completed a Syllabi Review in partnership with the Region 1 Comprehensive Center: Early Literacy in Vermont: Findings from the Vermont Educator Preparation Program Course Syllabi Review 

Local Literacy Plan Resources 

Learning to read is critical for success in school and beyond. The Vermont Agency of Education (AOE) recognizes the diversity of culture, language, geography, values, beliefs, and circumstances of our students, families, and caregivers. To support individual growth, development, and continuous learning for a lifetime, AOE is committed to including every Vermont learner in continuous, high-quality, evidence-based learning experiences, from cradle to career. 

The Vermont Literacy Playbook: An Implementation Guide for System Leaders to Improve Student Literacy Learning: The purpose of the Playbook is to act as both an implementation guide and a toolkit to support local supervisory unions/districts and district leaders in meeting Vermont’s literacy goals for all students. The Playbook serves to guide and support the implementation of Vermont’s state literacy plan, a Blueprint for Early Literacy Comprehensive System of Services PreK Through Third Grade. The resources, strategies, and tools in this Playbook provide action steps, templates (e.g., Local Literacy Plan Template), and guidelines that district leaders can adapt based on local needs when developing, implementing, and continuously improving their local literacy plans (LLPs). 

Lexile Framework 

The Lexile Framework for Reading uses Lexile measures to help educators and caregivers find reading materials at each student's unique reading level, engaging students in learning by ensuring they comprehend their reading materials and monitoring their progress over time. Educators can use Lexile measures to personalize student learning, differentiate their instruction, and better communicate with caregivers. Teachers employed by Vermont Supervisory Unions and Districts have full access to the Lexile & Quantile Hub. Caregivers and students will also find free tools on the Hub to support their learning and career aspirations.   

Advisory Council on Literacy  

The Advisory Council on Literacy was created by Act 28 or 2021 and continued by Act 139 of 2023. The Council was established to advise the Agency of Education, the State Board of Education, and the General Assembly on how to improve outcomes in literacy for students in prekindergarten through grade 12 and how to sustain those outcomes. Learn more and view the work of the Council on the Council’s State Board and Council page.  

Act 139 (16 V.S.A. § 2907) marks the state’s most comprehensive literacy legislation to date and represents an important opportunity for Vermont students and educators. Act 139 recognizes that the most effective literacy practices in the early grades are explicit and systematic instruction on code-based and comprehension-based reading skills and needs-based support. The legislation aims to increase literacy achievement for all students by focusing on early identification for students struggling with reading, student supports, strengthening educator preparation programs, and ensuring parents and guardians are informed of their child's progress. 

Learn more in this Act 139 Overview Slide Deck.  

Universal Screening Guidance 

Guidance on K-3 Universal Reading Screeners

Guidance on K-3 Universal Reading Screeners provides guidance on the use of universal reading screeners and reviews the screening instruments most commonly used in Vermont. This review is based on technical adequacy, attention to linguistic diversity, administrative usability, and valid measures of the developmental skills in early literacy, including phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. This document fulfills the Act 139 screening review and guidance requirements, outlines the purpose of various types of assessments and the role of screening, and provides practical advice for screener selection.   

• Register to attend an informational session about this screening guidance on Tuesday, January 21, 2025, from 3:30-4:30 p.m. 

Parent or Guardian Notification 

Act 139 requires that schools notify parents or guardians when a student’s performance on a reading screener is “significantly below relevant benchmarks as determined by the screener’s guidelines for age-level or grade-level typical development in specific literacy skills.” Schools are also required to notify parents or guardians about “the school’s response” to the screening results. The AOE issued “Requirements and Recommendations on Screening Notification for Parents and Guardians” to provide requirements and recommendations on parent and guardian notifications to Vermont Supervisory Districts and Supervisory Unions in accordance with Section 3 of Act 139.  

Additional Resources

• Stand alone parent and guardian letter template
• Act 139 Frequently Asked Questions About Screening and Notification provides answers to the most frequently asked questions about parent and guardian notification required in Act 139 (16 V.S.A. § 2907).  

Evidence-Based Literacy Practices: Instructional Resources 

The following documents provide information about evidence-based practices recommended in the What Works Clearinghouse/IES Practice Guides, specifically Preparing Young Children for School, Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade, and Improving Reading Comprehension in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade. These practice guides present recommendations that were developed by a panel of literacy experts based on reviews of research, practitioner experiences, and expert opinions. Click on each evidence-based practice to learn more about the ESSA level of evidence, how to carry out the recommendation, and connections to Literacy Essential Practices.   

Prekindergarten

• Build Children's Knowledge of Letters and Sounds 

• Intentionally Plan Activities to Build Children’s Vocabulary and Language 

• Use Shared Book Reading to Develop Children's Language, Knowledge of Print Features, and Knowledge of the World 

Grades K-3

Foundational Skills

• Develop Awareness of the Segments of Sounds in Speech and How They Link to Letters 

• Teach Students to Decode Words, Analyze Word Parts, and Write and Recognize Words 

• Ensure That Each Student Reads Connected Text Every Day to Support Reading Accuracy, Fluency, and Comprehension 

• Teach Students Academic Language Skills, Including the Use of Inferential and Narrative Language, and Vocabulary Knowledge 

See the Annotated Guide for Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in K Through 3rd Grade for more information about the practice guide from which these recommendations were taken.   

Comprehension 

• Teach Students How to Use Reading Comprehension Strategies 

• Establish an Engaging and Motivating Context in Which to Teach Reading Comprehension  

• Teach Students to Identify and Use the Text’s Organizational Structure to Comprehend, Learn, and Remember Content 

• Select Texts Purposefully to Support Comprehension Development 

• Guide Students Through Focused, High-Quality Discussion on the Meaning of Text 

See the Annotated Guide for Improving Reading Comprehension in K Through 3rd Grade for more information about the practice guide from which these recommendations were taken. 

Annotated Guides 

The following documents are annotated summaries of What Works Clearinghouse/IES Practice Guides related to literacy. 

• Annotated Guide for Providing Reading Interventions for Students in Grades 4-9 (2022): This practice guide is designed to help classroom teachers and specialists improve reading skills of students in grades 4-9 and contains recommendations of ways to build students’ decoding skills, fluency, and comprehension. 

• Annotated Guide for Teaching Academic Content and Literacy to English Learners in Elementary and Middle School (2014): This practice guide is designed to assist classroom teachers and specialists in improving the literacy skills of multilingual learners and contains recommendations to help students acquire academic vocabulary and improve oral and written English. 

The AOE offers high-quality asynchronous and synchronous virtual, in-person, or hybrid professional learning opportunities for all PreK-12 educators and leaders.  

Virtual Workshop Series

The AOE is offering a series of free interactive virtual workshops designed to support educators and leaders who serve students in PK-12 and beyond in understanding and implementing evidence-based instructional practices to improve literacy outcomes. All workshops in this series will take place on the second Wednesday of the month, from 3:30-5:30 p.m. Participants who attend live will have the opportunity to ask questions of the facilitators, participate in breakout rooms, and be in conversation with educators and leaders across the state.

Register now to attend the workshop series. All workshops will be recorded and shared with those who register. Join the Workshop Series Google Classroom for recordings, resource documents, and ongoing dialogue. Please email Leigh Buettler to join the Google Classroom. See below for information about each webinar in the series.  

• Nov. 13, 2024: Overview of Explicit, Systematic, and Evidence-based Literacy Practices (YouTube link)
• Dec. 11, 2024: Reading Comprehension: An Introduction to Common Roadblocks and Strategies 
• Jan. 8, 2025: Assessments: What Works, What Doesn’t, and Why?
• Feb. 12, 2025 – Explicit Vocabulary Instruction: Participants will learn evidence-based methods to teach new words, how to determine which new words to teach, and practical techniques for integrating vocabulary instruction across content areas and grade levels. Attendees will leave with strategies and tools to intentionally and explicitly teach vocabulary to increase students’ reading comprehension.  
• Mar. 12, 2025 – Phonemic Awareness and Reading and Spelling Development: This workshop focuses on the critical connections among phonemic awareness, reading, and spelling instruction. Participants will learn how phonemic awareness skills directly support word recognition and spelling accuracy, stages students move through in reading and spelling development, and how to help them progress through the stages. 
• Mar. 26, 2025 – Adolescent Readers: This workshop is designed to empower educators and leaders in supporting adolescent students who are striving readers across grades and into adulthood. Participants will explore the causes and impacts of adolescent reading challenges and instructional practices that address them. 
• Apr. 9, 2025 – Phonics: Understanding phonics can help educators and leaders effectively support students and make instructional decisions. Participants will learn about the importance of sound-symbol relationships and their role in supporting students' literacy development, understand the importance of decodable text, and explore practical strategies and tools.  Attendees will gain actionable insights, tools, and strategies to help improve student outcomes. 

Job-Embedded Coaching

The first phase of Read Vermont coaching offers free, intensive, personalized support for at least 100 PK-3 educators and 40 educational leaders/administrators in Vermont elementary schools, from January 2025 through February 2026. Learn more in the Overview of Read Vermont Job-Embedded Coaching Opportunity document. 

Asynchronous Literacy Professional Learning Series

Vermont educators can register for and take all six modules of the literacy professional learning series, Building a Strong Foundation for Lifelong Literacy Success, today! There are six asynchronous modules for both grades K-3 and grades 4-12, based on the body of evidence that informs effective reading instruction.  

Each module will take 6-8 hours to complete, and the full series is 45 hours. Educators can download a certificate of completion at the end of each module that can be used for re-licensure with Local Standards Boards. Facilitator’s guides for each module are now available in the Learning Management System, Pepper’s, resources. 

Learn more about the series from the introductory webinar slide deck and recording. You can also view Frequently Asked Questions about the series from the webinar. Please reach out to [email protected] with any questions.